Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 5 de 5
Filter
1.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 88(6): 699-706, dic. 2017. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042711

ABSTRACT

Resumen Hace 50 años Northway describió la Displasia Broncopulmonar (DBP), en nacidos de pretérmino expuestos a ventilación mecánica. Desde entonces, ha aumentado la sobrevida de ellos; sin embar go, ha aparecido una "nueva DBP" y la incidencia de esta no ha disminuido. Una de las caracte rísticas de esta patología es la remodelación vascular anómala, que en su expresión más severa se conoce como Hipertensión Pulmonar (HP); con una incidencia de 17%, que es proporcional a la severidad de la DBP (33% en DBP severa); y como un factor de mortalidad (hasta un 48% mortali dad a 2 años con HP por DBP). Debido a esto resulta importante conocer los métodos diagnósticos y alternativas terapéuticas, tema que se discute en esta revisión. Considerando la alta mortalidad de la asociación HP-DBP, adquiere importancia una estrategia de tamizaje en la población de riesgo. El gold standard para el diagnóstico de HP es el cateterismo cardíaco, sin embargo, el ecocardio-grama transtorácico es una herramienta útil para el tamizaje y diagnóstico de HP en pacientes dis-plásicos, con mediciones cuantitativas y cambios cualitativos en la evaluación diagnóstica. A nivel sanguíneo el péptido natriurético tipo B (BNP), ha mostrado ser útil en el seguimiento; en cuanto a imágenes, la tomografía computarizada se utiliza en casos severos. En cuanto a las terapias, se han propuesto el óxido nítrico inhalado como vasodilatador pulmonar, los inhibidores de la fosfodies-terasas -sildenafil-, los antagonistas de la endotelina -bosentán- y los análogos de prostaciclinas -iloprost-. Aún no se cuenta con evidencia de alta calidad para su uso, dosis y duración del trata miento, pero hay variadas experiencias clínicas. Además, es relevante el cuidado interdisciplinario, destacando optimizar la nutrición. El desafío es lograr una prevención efectiva de la DBP y de sus complicaciones. Un protocolo de tamizaje de HP debe asociarse a una estratificación de riesgo y directrices de tratamiento.


Abstract 50 years ago, Northway described Broncopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants exposed to mechanical ventilation. Since then, their survival has increased, nevertheless a "new BPD" has appeared and its incidence has not diminished. One of the characteristics of this pathology is the the abnormal vascular remodeling, which in its most severe expression is known as Pulmonary Hyper tension (PH); with an incidence of 17% in patients with BPD, which is proportional to the severity of the disease (33% in severe BPD), and as mortality factor (up to 48% 2-year mortality in PH-BPD). Thereby, it is important to know the diagnostic methods and therapeutic alternatives, topics discus sed in this review. Considering the high mortality in BPD associated PH, screening strategies in at risk population become important. The gold standard is cardiac catheterization; however, transtho-rathic echocardiography is a useful tool for the screening and diagnosis of PH in displasic patients, using cuantitive measures and cualitative changes in the evaluation. Seric type-B natriuretic peptide has shown to be useful for follow-up; regarding images, CT scan is used in severe cases. In terms of therapy; inhaled Nitric Oxide as a pulmonary vasodilator, phosphodiesterase inhibitors -sildenafil-, endotelin antagonists -bosentan-, and prostacyclin analogues -iloprost-, have been proposed. Their use, dosis and treatment lenght still lack support of high quality evidence, but diverse clinical expe riences have been described. Interdisciplinary care is also important, highlighting to optimize nu trition. Therefore, the challenge is to effectively prevent BPD and its complications. A PH screening protocol should be associated with risk stratification and treatment guidelines.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/complications , Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Respiration, Artificial , Complementary Therapies , Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/diagnosis , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/metabolism , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/therapy , Infant, Premature , Biomarkers/metabolism , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Combined Modality Therapy , Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism , Hypertension, Pulmonary/therapy , Nitric Oxide/therapeutic use
2.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 49(9): e5160, 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-788946

ABSTRACT

Although oxidative stress and inflammation are important mechanisms in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and preterm diseases, their contribution to the respiratory prognosis of premature infants of hypertensive mothers is not known. Our objective was to determine the levels of oxidative stress and inflammation markers in the airways of premature infants born to hypertensive and normotensive mothers, in the first 72 h of life, and to investigate whether they are predictors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)/death. This was a prospective study with premature infants less than 34 weeks’ gestation on respiratory support who were stratified into 2 groups: 32 premature infants of hypertensive mothers and 41 of normotensive women, with a mean gestational age of 29 weeks. Exclusion criteria were as follows: diabetes mellitus, chorioamnionitis, malformation, congenital infection, and death within 24 h after birth. The outcome of interest was BPD/death. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) were measured in airway aspirates from the first and third days of life and did not differ between the groups. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. The concentrations of MDA, NO, and IL-8 were not predictors of BPD/death. Premature infants who developed BPD/death had higher levels of IL-8 in the first days of life. The gestational age, mechanical ventilation, and a small size for gestational age were risk factors for BPD/death. In conclusion, the biomarkers evaluated were not increased in premature infants of hypertensive mothers and were not predictors of BPD/death.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Biomarkers/analysis , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/etiology , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/metabolism , Inflammation/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/metabolism , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/physiopathology , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/physiopathology , Infant, Premature , Inflammation/physiopathology , Interleukin-8/analysis , Longitudinal Studies , Malondialdehyde/analysis , Nitric Oxide/analysis , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies
3.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 144(5): 395-401, sept.-oct. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-568033

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: La displasia broncopulmonar se relaciona con eventos frecuentes de hipoxemia, en especial durante la alimentación. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la saturación periférica de oxígeno (SpO2) en lactantes con displasia broncopulmonar, antes, durante y después de la alimentación. Métodos: Prospectivamente se estudiaron pacientes con displasia broncopulmonar del 1 de julio al 30 de septiembre de 2005, realizando mediciones de SpO2 a través de un pulsioxímetro digital de mano en cinco ocasiones con relación a la alimentación. Se consideró zona de significancia con p<0.05. Resultados: En 18 pacientes se estudiaron 67 eventos, midiendo en cada uno la SpO2 en cinco ocasiones, para un total de 335 mediciones; hubo momentos de desaturación frecuentes (SpO2 menor de 88%) en 16 pacientes de los 18, y SpO2 por debajo de 80% en alguna medición, en 67% de ellos (n=12), con p<0.001. Conclusiones: La SpO2 en pacientes con displasia broncopulmonar disminuye durante la alimentación llegando a niveles severos (menos de 80%) en las dos terceras partes de los casos, por lo que se sugiere que durante la misma se incremente la concentración de oxígeno lo suficiente como para llevarlos a una saturación de 88%, por lo menos.


BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is associated with frequent events of hypoxemia specially during feeding. OBJECTIVE: Determine peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) among infants with BPD before, during and after feeding. METHODS: Patients with diagnosis of BPD were prospectively studied between July-September, 2005. SpO2 was measured with a manual digital pulsioxymeter 5 times during feeding. Alpha levels were set at p<0.05. RESULTS: 67 events were studied in 18 patients. For each participant, oxygen saturation was measured five times yielding a total of 335 recordings. Frequent desaturation episodes were recorded during feeding, (SpO2<88%) in 16 of the 18 cases. SpO2 reached 80% for some recordings among 67% of participants (n=12), with p<0.001. CONCLUSION: Among BDP patients, SpO2 decreases during feeding, reaching severe desaturations (SpO2<80%) among in two thirds of the cases. Oxygen concentration must be sufficiently increased during feeding in order to rise the level of SpO2 to a minimum of 88%.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/metabolism , Eating , Oxygen/analysis , Oxygen/metabolism , Oximetry , Prospective Studies
4.
Indian J Pediatr ; 2006 Nov; 73(11): 1027-32
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-79323

ABSTRACT

Due to a lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) still remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the premature infant and there is no effective preventive and/or therapeutic intervention. We have taken a basic biologic approach to elucidate the pathophysiology of BPD and have discovered that disruption of the alveolar Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein (PTHrP) signaling is centrally involved in this process. Further, stabilization of this signaling pathway by using exogenous PTHrP agonists can prevent and/or rescue the molecular injuries caused by insults that lead to BPD. Based upon years of work in this field, here I provide a novel and innovative molecular approach, i.e, exogenous treatment with PTHrP pathway agonists to prevent and/or treat BPD. However, to avoid any later surprises, it is important to emphasize that before translating it into human trials, this approach needs further testing and refinement in animal models.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/metabolism , Humans , Infant, Newborn , PPAR gamma/antagonists & inhibitors , Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/antagonists & inhibitors , Pulmonary Alveoli/metabolism , Signal Transduction
5.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 76(1): 12-24, ene.-feb. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-432952

ABSTRACT

La importancia de los factores nutricionales en la etiología de la displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) esta sustentada por la estrecha relación entre los factores que predisponen a esta entidad y el desarrollo de falla nutricional. El objetivo de este manuscrito es revisar las bases científicas en las cuales se fundamenta la interacción de la nutrición y el desarrollo de la función pulmonar en el recién nacido de bajo peso al nacer; discutir la evidencia proveniente de estudios clínicos y/o revisiones sistemáticas que evalúen el efecto de prácticas nutricionales tendientes a disminuir la incidencia y la gravedad de la DBP, y la evaluación y el manejo nutricional de pacientes ya afectados con esta enfermedad. Intervenciones nutricionales dirigidas a incrementar el aporte de calorías y principalmente de proteínas con restricción del aporte hídrico desde el primer día de vida, evitar déficit de antioxidantes como vitamina E y selenio, administrar altas dosis de Vitamina A por vía intramuscular, tendrían un rol en prevenir o disminuir la severidad de la DBP. El incrementar el aporte de calorías con aportes proteicos superiores a 3 gr/kg/día, limitar el uso de diuréticos y corticoides, mantener buena oxigenación, promover alimentación ad-libitum e implementar equipos de apoyo nutricional al alta, reducirían el déficit nutricional y la falla de crecimiento asociada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/diet therapy , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/etiology , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/metabolism , Infant Nutrition , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight/metabolism , Growth Disorders/complications , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/prevention & control , Infant Food , Respiratory Muscles/metabolism , Lung/physiology , Lung/metabolism , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight/growth & development , Growth Disorders/diet therapy , Growth Disorders/etiology
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL